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    Biomaterials

    Electrodes with Conductive Nanoparticles for the use of Electrical Neurostimulation

    (C-97) Electrodes with Conductive Nanoparticles for the use of Electrical Neurostimulation

    Friday, October 13, 2023
    9:30 AM – 10:30 AM PDT
    Location: Exhibit Hall - Row C - Poster # 97
    Introduction:: More than 100 million people suffer from neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease, strokes, epilepsy, and spinal cord disorders but little effective treatment is available. Techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation have a low spatial resolution and limited depth. Implantable neural electrodes have been shown as an effective way to diagnose and treat neurological disorders with its higher spatiotemporal precision by recording signals or stimulating damaged neurons. Current metallic implants don’t always match the environment they are placed in and may need to be changed at times so the development of better coatings is important. In this project, soft conductive nanoparticles will be used to fabricate electrode coatings that will then be used for the electrical stimulation of neural growth, activity, and differentiation. The coatings were investigated for their biocompatibility, resistance to aging, electroconductivity, promotion of cell adhesion, and stimulation of neural activity.

    Materials and Methods:: Using biomimetic synthesis, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT)-Pyrrole nanoparticles (RB02 NPs) were obtained. The RB02 NPs were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) The electrophoretic deposition process was utilized to deposit the RB02 NPs on stainless steel at 9 V for 40 minutes at room temperature. The surface of the fabricated steel electrodes before and after aging over an accelerated aging equivalent to an aging of 8 and 24 months were characterized using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrochemical properties were characterized using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge discharge. Cell adhesion was assessed through confocal imaging. A live/dead assay was performed using flow cytometry to study the effect of the fabricated electrodes on ND 7/23 cells. Neuronal stimulation was studied through calcium imaging.

    Results, Conclusions, and Discussions:: The cell viability assay proved the biocompatibility of the electrode when compared glass, the control. After 72 hours, the viability was at 80% and increased by 96 hours, even more so than glass at 96 hours.The aging tests demonstrated that the characteristics of the fabricated are similar over the course of 8 to 24 months. Confocal images of the 2 different cell lines used, C2C12 and ND7/23 exhibited cell adhesion to the RB02 electrodes and differentiation over 72 hours. With the myoblast cell line the cells 24 hours after seeding versus 72 hours after seeding were much more differentiated with the cells stretched out and an increase in the number of cells. The neurons exhibited a similar behavior with the dendrites spreading out and connecting to nearby cells. Electrical stimulation of the neurons on the fabricated electrodes also demonstrated movement of calcium ions.

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    • Ziyi Zhang, Guangzhao Tian, Xiaoge Duan, Hai-lan Chen, and Dong-Hwan Kim Richie, ACS Applied Bio Materials 2021 4 (7), 5556-5565, DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00375